Intangiriro
Mwisi yingufu zamazi, imashini ziremereye akenshi zikurura abantu bose. Amashanyarazi manini ya hydraulic, pompe zitontoma, hamwe na valve nini yo kugenzura ibyerekezo byiganje mubibanza byubatswe, inganda zikora, nimirima yubuhinzi. Nyamara, intwari nyazo zitavuzwe muri izi sisitemu zo hejuru - ni ibintu bito bikomeza hamwe. Hatariho guhuza neza, imbaraga nini zitangwa na pompe hydraulic ziba impfabusa, cyangwa mbi, biteje akaga bidasanzwe.
Guhitamo neza hydraulic fitingi nimwe mubyemezo bikomeye umutekinisiye, injeniyeri, cyangwa nyir'ibikoresho ashobora gufata. Urudodo rumwe rudahuye cyangwa ibikoresho bidafite agaciro birashobora gutera kunanirwa gukabije, biganisha ku gutakaza amazi ahenze, kwanduza ibidukikije, kwangiza ibikoresho bikomeye, hamwe n’impanuka nyinshi zo gukomeretsa abakoresha. Kuberako isoko yuzuyemo amahame menshi yuburyo butandukanye, ingano, hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga, kubona ihuza ryukuri birashobora kumva bikabije kubatangiye.
Iki gitabo cyuzuye cyateguwe kugirango kigaragaze inzira yo gutoranya. Mugusenya amahame yibanze yubukanishi bwamazi, kumenyekanisha urudodo, hamwe na siyanse yibintu, iyi ngingo izaguha ubumenyi bwibanze bukenewe kugirango uhitemo ibice bikwiye bya sisitemu wizeye kandi ufite umutekano.
Gusobanukirwa Ibyingenzi: Ibikoresho bya Hydraulic ni iki kandi ni ukubera iki bifite akamaro?
Mugihe cyoroshye cyane, hydraulic ikwiranye nikintu gikoreshwa muguhuza hydraulic hose, umuyoboro, cyangwa umuyoboro kuri pompe, valve, silinderi, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byamazi. Intego yibanze yikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikwiye ni ebyiri: igomba kuba irimo umuvuduko mwinshi - muri sisitemu idatemba, kandi igomba gutanga umurongo wizewe wubaka urwanya imbaraga za mashini zakozwe mugihe gikora.
Iyo bikwiye kunanirwa gukora iyo mirimo, ingaruka ni gake. Sisitemu ya Hydraulic isanzwe ikora kumuvuduko uri hagati ya 1.000 na pound zirenga 10,000 kuri santimetero kare (psi). Kuri iyo mikazo, pinhole yamenetse irashobora kurekura igihu cyinshi cyane cyamavuta ya hydraulic yaka umuriro, bigatera inkongi y'umuriro ikomeye. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, igikwiye kirashobora guhuha rwose, bigatuma amashyi akubitwa bikabije kandi imashini zigabanya imizigo nta nteguza.
Kugira ngo wirinde ibi bintu, bifasha kumva ko gukwira ari gake cyane icyuma kimwe. Iteraniro risanzwe ririmo umubiri ubereye, ugaragaramo insanganyamatsiko yibanze hamwe nubuso bwa kashe; ibinyomoro, bitanga imbaraga za mashini zikenewe kugirango duhagarike kashe; kandi rimwe na rimwe amaboko cyangwa ferrule, iruma cyangwa igafata igituba kugirango ifate burundu. Kumenya uburyo ibi bice bikora nintambwe yawe yambere yo kumenya neza sisitemu ya fluid.
Intambwe ya 1: Kumenya ibintu bine byingenzi byatoranijwe (Uburyo bwa STAMP)
Iyo abanyamwuga begereye sisitemu ya hydraulic kugirango bahitemo cyangwa basimbuze ibice, bishingikiriza kumwanya - incamake yageragejwe izwi nkuburyo bwa STAMP. Mugihe STAMP isanzwe igereranya Ingano, Ubushyuhe, Gushyira mu bikorwa, Ibikoresho, nigitutu, tuzareba ibyiciro bine byambere hano kugirango dushyireho urufatiro shingiro.
Ingano
Ingano nimbogamizi nyayo uzahura nayo. Ibikwiye ni bito cyane bizagabanya umuvuduko wamazi, bitera ubwiyongere bukabije bwumuvuduko wamazi, guterana, hamwe nubushyuhe. Iyi nyubako yubushyuhe itesha amavuta hydraulic kandi isenya kashe yimbere. Ibinyuranye, igikwiye ni kinini cyane gitanga igitutu gitunguranye kandi ntigishobora guhura nimbogamizi zifatika zimiterere yimashini. Ugomba gupima Diameter Yimbere (ID) ya hose cyangwa umuyoboro kugirango umenye neza ubushobozi bwo gutembera neza, hamwe na Diameter yo hanze (OD) yinyuzi kugirango umenye neza guhuza umubiri.
Ubushyuhe
Sisitemu ya Hydraulic itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi bwimbere, ariko nanone ikorerwa ibidukikije byo hanze. Ugomba gusuzuma imyirondoro ibiri itandukanye mugihe uhitamo hydraulic fitingi: ubushyuhe bwitangazamakuru (amazi atembera imbere) hamwe nubushyuhe bwibidukikije (umwuka hanze). Ubukonje bukabije burashobora gutuma ibyuma byangirika kandi bigatera impeta ya elastomeric O -. Ubushyuhe bukabije burashobora gutera kwaguka kwicyuma, kugabanya urumuri rukomeye rwingingo no gutera impeta ya O - gushonga cyangwa gukomera.
Gusaba
Ni hehe ibi bikwiye bizakoresha ubuzima bwakazi? Sisitemu ya hydraulic yashyizwe kumurongo wamavuta yo mumazi ihura nigihe cyo guhura numuti wumunyu nubushuhe bwangirika, bisaba ibyuma - byo murwego rwo hejuru. Sisitemu yubatswe mu ruganda imashini ikora imashini ya pulasitike irashobora kugira impungenge nke ariko igahura na miriyoni zo hejuru - inshuro zinyeganyega buri cyumweru. Kunyeganyega birashobora gutuma uhuza urudodo rwihuta gusubira inyuma mugihe, bigatuma uburyo bwihariye bwo gufunga cyangwa uburyo bwo gufunga imashini bikundwa.
Ibikoresho
Ibikoresho bikwiye bigomba kuba bihujwe nubushakashatsi bwamazi ya hydraulic ikoreshwa hamwe nibidukikije byo hanze. Ibikoresho bitatu bikunze kugaragara ni:
Ibyuma bya Carbone: Biramba cyane kandi bikomeye, bituma iba inganda yinganda kubikorwa byinshi byinganda na mobile aho kwangirika gukabije atari ikibazo.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga: Kurwanya bidasanzwe ingese n’imiti, nibyiza mu nyanja, gutunganya imiti, no gukoresha ibiribwa.
Umuringa: Mubisanzwe wabitswe kuri sisitemu yo hasi - cyangwa progaramu zidasanzwe aho hakenewe kurwanya spark cyangwa ibintu byihariye bya metallurgiki.
Intambwe ya 2: Gusobanura ubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko hamwe nuburyo bwo gufunga
Umaze kumenya ibyibanze bya sisitemu, intambwe ya tekinike igoye iratangira: kumenya ubwoko bwurudodo rwihariye nuburyo butanga amazi - kashe ikomeye. Ubusanzwe insanganyamatsiko zigizwe mubyiciro bibiri bigari: insanganyamatsiko zifatanije hamwe nu murongo (ugereranije).
Imitwe
Utudodo twacapuwe twashizweho kugirango dushyire hamwe muguhuza imigozi yumugabo nigitsina gore uko ikomejwe. Itandukaniro rikunze kugaragara muri Amerika ya ruguru ni igipimo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imiyoboro (NPT cyangwa NPTF). Mugihe uhinduye NPT ikwiranye nicyambu, umurambararo wurudodo uriyongera, ugakora icyuma - kugeza - kashe ya kashe.
Mugihe ibikoresho bya NPT bihenze kandi biboneka henshi, bifite ibibi byingenzi kuri hydraulics yo hejuru -. Kuberako bishingikiriza kumutwe kugirango bahindure kashe, bakunda kurira mugihe, kandi ntibishobora guhinduka kugirango berekane nyuma yo gukomera bitabujije kashe. Mubisanzwe bakeneye kandi kashe yomudodo, nka kaseti ya Teflon cyangwa umuyoboro wamazi wamazi, ushobora kuvunika ubusa kandi ukanduza sisitemu ya hydraulic.
Imitwe ibangikanye hamwe na 37-Impamyabumenyi
Iringaniza iringaniye ntabwo ifunga kumutwe ubwayo. Ahubwo, imigozi igororotse ikora gusa nkuburyo bwo gukanika imashini kugirango ikurure hamwe ibice bibiri bitandukanye.
Urugero rwibanze rwibi ni Inama ihuriweho n’inganda (JIC) 37 - impamyabumenyi ikwiye. Igitsina gabo gikwiye kigizwe na cone ya dogere 37 -, mugihe igitsina gore cyerekana imyanya ihwanye na 37 -. Iyo ibinyomoro bimaze gukomera, cone n'intebe bikanda hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi, bigakora kashe yizewe cyane. Ibikoresho bya JIC nibyiza cyane kuri sisitemu yumuvuduko ukabije, birashobora guhagarikwa no guhuzwa inshuro nyinshi utarashaje, kandi ntibisaba kashe ya kashe.
O - Ikidodo c'impeta (ORFS)
Mugihe ingufu za hydraulic sisitemu yazamutse cyane mumyaka mirongo, inganda zahindutse cyane zerekeza kuri tekinoroji ya O - Ring Face Seal (ORFS). Igitsina gabo cya ORFS kiranga urudodo rugororotse hamwe na elastomeric O - impeta yashyizwe mu gikoni cyabigenewe ku isura igororotse. Igitsina gore gikwiye gifite ubuso bunoze.
Iyo inteko ikomejwe, impeta ya O - iranyeganyezwa neza mumaso yumugore. Igishushanyo gitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kumeneka buboneka mumashanyarazi agezweho. Yakira urwego rwo hejuru rwa sisitemu yo kunyeganyega, irwanya umuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko, kandi ikuraho ibyago byo kurenga - gukomera kugabanya ibice.
Ibipimo mpuzamahanga: BSP na Metric
Niba ukora ku bikoresho byakorewe mu Burayi cyangwa muri Aziya, uzahura nu Bwongereza Standard Pipe (BSP) cyangwa Metric DIN. BSP ije muburyo bubiri: BSPT (tapered) na BSPP (parallel). Ibikoresho bipima akenshi bisa nkibikoresho bya JIC byabanyamerika cyangwa ORFS kumaso yubusa, ariko bifashisha ibipapuro byinsanganyamatsiko (bipimirwa muri milimetero kumutwe) aho gukoresha insinga kuri santimetero imwe. Gukoresha urudodo rwo gupima na caliper ninzira yonyine yizewe yo kubatandukanya. Ntuzigere ugerageza guhatira umugozi wabanyamerika ku cyambu cya metero; izahita yangiza insanganyamatsiko yibice byombi.
Intambwe ya 3: Gusuzuma Ibipimo by'ingutu hamwe n'umutekano
Hamwe n'ibipimo byawe hamwe nubwoko bwurudodo byamenyekanye, ugomba kugenzura ko ibikoresho bya hydraulic wahisemo bishobora gukemura ibibazo bikomeye bya sisitemu. Buri ruganda ruzwi rugereranya ibipimo byabo hamwe nigikorwa cyihariye cyo gukora.
Nibyingenzi kubatangiye kumva itandukaniro riri hagati yumuvuduko wakazi nigitutu giturika. Umuvuduko wakazi nimbaraga ntarengwa zikwiye zishobora kwihanganira umutekano mugihe cya buri munsi, gikomeza. Umuvuduko ukabije niwo mwanya ukwiye guturika kumubiri mugihe cya laboratoire. Mu nganda za hydraulic, igipimo cyumutekano gisanzwe ni 4: 1. Ibi bivuze ko bikwiye kugereranywa na 3000 psi yumuvuduko wakazi ntushobora guturika kugeza ikubise 12,000 psi.
Ariko, ntugomba na rimwe gushushanya sisitemu yo gukora neza kugeza kumpera yumurimo wakazi niba porogaramu yawe ifite imbaraga. Mubikorwa nyabyo - ibikorwa byisi, iyo valve igenzura ifunze gitunguranye, ihungabana rinyura mumazi ya hydraulic. Umuvuduko wumuvuduko urashobora gukuba kabiri cyangwa kwikuba inshuro eshatu sisitemu ya nominal kubice byisegonda. Niba ibikoresho byawe bidahagije, izo micro - imitwe ihoraho izatera umunaniro kunanirwa mugihe.
Byongeye kandi, burigihe wibuke itegeko ryumuhuza udakomeye: inteko ya hydraulic irakomeye gusa nkibice byo hasi -. Niba uhuza hose yagereranijwe na 5000 psi muburyo bukwiye bwa 2,500 psi, ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yose igarukira kuri 2,500 psi.
Hanyuma, ihatire kwirinda kuvanga ibirango murwego rumwe rwo guhuza igihe cyose bishoboka. Mugihe JIC yumugabo ikwiranye nikimenyetso kimwe igomba guhuza neza na JIC yumugore ihuye nindi, itandukaniro rito muburyo bwo kwihanganira inganda rishobora guteza micro - icyuho. Kwizirika hamwe numuhinguzi umwe, wubahwa kububiko bwawe, ibyuma, hamwe na adaptate byerekana urwego rwohejuru rwibintu bihuza hamwe nubusugire bwa sisitemu.
Imyitozo Nziza yo Kwishyiriraho no Kubungabunga
Ndetse na hydraulic ihenze cyane, ihujwe neza izananirwa niba yashizwemo nabi. Ikosa rikunze gukorwa nabatangiye rirenze - torquing. Hariho umugani uhoraho mubikorwa byubukanishi "gukomera buri gihe ni byiza." Muri hydraulics, hejuru ya - gukomera birashobora gutobora byoroshye intebe yaka, gusibanganya imigozi, cyangwa kugoreka impeta ya O -, bigatera inzira ihoraho.
Kugirango wirinde ibi, koresha Flats Kuva Urutoki Tight (FFFT) mugihe umugozi wa torque utaboneka. Kuri ubu buryo, ukomeza ibinyomoro ukoresheje intoki kugeza bihuye neza nubuso bwa kashe, shyira umurongo hejuru yumutobe hamwe numubiri uhuza hamwe na marikeri, hanyuma ukoreshe umugozi kugirango uhindure ibinyomoro umubare wamazu ya hex ukurikije ibyifuzo byuwabikoze.
Igenzura risanzwe naryo ni ngombwa kugirango sisitemu ya hydraulic ikore neza. Shakisha ibimenyetso byo kurira, ibyo bikaba bitinda, bitonyanga amavuta hafi yingingo ikwiranye itaratangira gutonyanga neza. Kurira ni ikimenyetso cyo kuburira hakiri kare ko kashe itangiye kunanirwa.
Niba ugomba gusimbuza ibikwiye, burigihe ukurikize protocole yumutekano. Zimya icyimuka cyambere (moteri yamashanyarazi cyangwa moteri), koresha indangagaciro zo kugenzura inyuma no kugabanya umuvuduko uwo ari wo wose wafashwe mumirongo, hanyuma urebe ko imizigo yose yazamutse yahagaritswe cyangwa ikamanurwa hasi. Kugerageza kurekura hydraulic ikwiye mugihe sisitemu iri mukibazo ni akaga kadasanzwe kandi birashobora gukomeretsa byatewe inshinge, bisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.
Umwanzuro
Kuyobora urusobe runini rwibinyabuzima bigizwe ningufu zamazi birashobora kubanza kumva ushaka kwiga ururimi rwamahanga. Nyamara, mu kwishingikiriza kumurongo wubatswe nkuburyo bwa STAMP no gufata umwanya wo gupima neza ibipimo, kumenya geometrike yumutwe, no kubahiriza igipimo cyumuvuduko, umuntu wese arashobora kumenya guhitamo ibikoresho bya hydraulic.
Guhitamo ibikwiye ntabwo ari ikibazo cyo gusubiza imashini hejuru no gukora; ni ishoramari ritaziguye mu mikorere y'ibikoresho byawe, kurengera ibidukikije bidukikije, n'umutekano wa buri wese ukorera hafi. Koresha buri sano hamwe nibisobanuro bikwiye, shora mubikoresho byiza nka Calipers hamwe nudupapuro twerekana imipira, kandi buri gihe ubaze impapuro zerekana ibicuruzwa mugihe ushidikanya. Hamwe niyi myitozo ihari, sisitemu ya hydraulic izakomeza kumeneka - kubuntu, imbaraga, kandi byizewe mumyaka iri imbere.
