Intangiriro
Mwisi yisi yingufu zamazi, imikorere ikunze gupimwa nubipimo butangaje: ibihumbi byama pound yumuvuduko kuri santimetero kare, umuvuduko mwinshi, nimbaraga zikomeye zikoreshwa ninganda zikomeye. Nyamara, ubunyangamugayo shingiro bwiyi sisitemu igoye bushingira cyane kumiterere ya metallurgjique ya mato mato yabo. Niba ikintu kimwe cyananiranye mukibazo, imyubakire yimikorere yose irasenyuka, biganisha kumasaha ahenze cyane, kwanduza ibidukikije, hamwe n’umutekano muke ku kazi.
Mugihe uhisemo ibice bya sisitemu yingufu zamazi, kimwe mubibazo byingenzi ariko bikunze kwirengagizwa biroroshye: ibikoresho bya hydraulic bikozwe niki? Guhitamo ibikoresho byerekana umuvuduko ukwiye, guhuza imiti, guhangana n’ibidukikije, hamwe nigihe cyo gukora. Guhitamo ibikoresho bitari byo bishobora kuviramo ingese byihuse, gukuramo urudodo, cyangwa guturika gukabije munsi yumuvuduko utunguranye.
Iki gitabo cyuzuye gisenya ibyuma byibanze hamwe nuruvange rukoreshwa mugukora ibyo bihuza bikomeye. Mugusobanukirwa imiterere itandukanye ya mashini na chimique ya buri kintu, injeniyeri, abatekinisiye, nabakoresha ibikoresho barashobora gufata ibyemezo byuzuye bitezimbere imikorere ya sisitemu, kugabanya ibiciro byo kubungabunga, no kurinda umutekano wibikorwa.
Ibyuma bya Carbone: Akazi ko mu nganda
Iyo winjiye mubikorwa bisanzwe byo gukora, ahazubakwa, cyangwa mumurima wubuhinzi, igice kinini cyibikoresho bya hydraulic uhura nabyo bizaba bikozwe mubyuma bya karubone. Ibyuma bya karubone bifatwa nkuguhitamo kwambere kumashanyarazi akoreshwa, kandi kubwimpamvu nziza. Itanga impirimbanyi zidasanzwe zingufu zingana, kuramba kumiterere, hamwe nubukungu bushoboka.
Ibyiza byubukanishi bwibyuma bya karubone nubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana ningutu nini yimbere idahinduka. Mu mashini ziremereye zikora hagati ya 3.000 na 6.000 psi, ibyuma bya karubone bitanga ubufasha bukomeye bwubatswe busabwa kugirango kashe itekanye neza mugihe cyumuvuduko uhoraho hamwe no kunyeganyega gukomeye.
Nyamara, ibyuma bya karubone mbisi bifite agatsinsino gakomeye ka Achilles: irashobora kwanduzwa cyane na okiside hamwe ningese iyo ihuye nubushuhe na ogisijeni. Kurwanya iyi ntege nke, abayikora bakoresha uburyo bwo kurinda hejuru. Mu mateka, chromium ya hexavalent yakoreshejwe mugukoresha amashanyarazi, ariko amategeko agenga ibidukikije agezweho yahinduye inganda muburyo butandukanye.
Muri iki gihe, ibyuma byinshi bya karubone bivurwa hamwe na plaque ya zinc cyangwa zinc yateye imbere - nikel alloy coating. Iyi myenda ikora nk'inzitizi yo gutamba, ikurura kwangirika kw'ibidukikije mbere yuko igera ku cyuma. Zinc - nikel zubahwa cyane, zisanzwe zitanga amasaha arenga 1.000 yo kwirinda ingese zitukura mugupima umunyu usanzwe.
Nubwo ibyo bitwikiriye, ibyuma bya karubone ntabwo bidapfa. Birakwiriye cyane mubikorwa byinganda zo murugo, ibikoresho byubwubatsi bigendanwa bikorera mubihe bitagereranywa, hamwe nibidukikije byumye. Muri rusange bigomba kwirindwa niba ibikwiye bizahora byinjizwa mumazi yumunyu, guhura na acide ikaze, cyangwa gukorerwa imiti kenshi.
Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga: Guhitamo neza kubidukikije bikabije
Iyo imikorere ikora ihindagurika, ibyuma bya karubone bigomba kuva kuruhande rwicyuma. Ibyuma bidafite ibyuma nibipimo bya zahabu mubisabwa aho kwangirika kw ibidukikije cyangwa reaction ya chimique ituma ubundi buryo butagikoreshwa. Ibanga ryo kwihanganira ibyuma bitagira umwanda biri mubigize imiti, birimo byibuze chromium 10.5 ku ijana. Iyi chromium ikora hamwe na ogisijeni idukikije kugirango ikore ikintu kitagaragara, ubwacyo - gikiza passiyo ya oxyde ya chromium hejuru yicyuma, ikabuza ingese gufata.
Mu nganda zitanga ingufu, ibyiciro bibiri byihariye byibyuma byiganjemo umusaruro: Icyiciro cya 304 nicyiciro cya 316.
Icyiciro cya 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese birahinduka cyane kandi bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya kwangirika kwikirere hamwe n’imiti myinshi kama. Ni ikiguzi - ubundi buryo bwiza mugihe ibyuma bya karubone bidahagije ariko ibintu ntibikabije.
Icyiciro cya 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ariko, nukuri nyampinga wibidukikije bikaze. Harimo inyongeramusaruro ya molybdenum, ibintu bya shimi biteza imbere cyane ibyuma birwanya ibyuma no kwangirika kwangirika muri chloride - ibidukikije bikungahaye. Ibi bituma icyiciro cya 316 giteganijwe guhitamo imiyoboro yo gucukura peteroli yo mu nyanja, ubwato bwo mu nyanja, ibikorwa remezo byo ku nkombe, hamwe n’ibikoresho bitunganya imiti.
Kurenga kwangirika kwangirika, ibyuma bidafite ingese birata kwihanganira ubushyuhe budasanzwe. Irashobora kugumana imbaraga zayo nubusugire bwubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bukabije aho ibyuma bya karubone byavunika cyangwa byoroshye. Ibi bituma biba byiza cyane - ubushyuhe bwa hydraulic imirongo iboneka hafi yitanura ryinganda cyangwa ibice biremereye bya moteri.
Ingaruka zibanze zibyuma bidafite ingese nigiciro cyambere cyibikoresho byambere hamwe nikintu cyumukanishi kizwi nkicyuma. Galling ibaho mugihe cyo guterana mugihe guterana hagati yo guhuza ibyuma bitagira umuyonga bitera ubukonje - gusudira hamwe, gusenya insinga mbere yuko bikwiye. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, abatekinisiye bagomba gukoresha anti - gufata amavuta kandi bagakurikiza amabwiriza ya torque mugihe cyo kuyashyiraho.
Umuringa hamwe nudasanzwe twavanze: Niche Ibisubizo kubisabwa byihariye
Mugihe ibyuma nicyuma bidafite igice kinini cyumugabane wisoko, ibyuma bitandukanye byubundi buryo hamwe nubushakashatsi bwihariye byuzuza inshingano zingenzi muri sisitemu ya kijyambere.
Ibikoresho bikozwe mu muringa
Umuringa ni umusemburo ugizwe ahanini n'umuringa na zinc. Ifite agaciro gakomeye murwego rwinganda kubera imashini zidasanzwe, gutwara neza cyane, hamwe no kurwanya amazi - yatewe na ruswa. Kuberako umuringa utabora imbere yubushuhe, ikoreshwa kenshi muri sisitemu yo hasi - yumuvuduko wa hydraulic, imirongo ikonjesha, sisitemu yo gusiga, hamwe nibikoresho byabigenewe.
Undi mutungo ukomeye wumuringa nuko utari -. Mubidukikije birimo imyuka ihindagurika, umukungugu uturika, cyangwa amazi ya hydraulic yaka cyane, gukoresha ibyuma bikozwe mu muringa bigabanya ibyago byo gutwikwa nimpanuka mugihe cyo kubungabunga cyangwa gukanika imashini. Nyamara, umuringa ufite imbaraga zo hasi cyane kurenza ibyuma, bivuze ko idashobora gukoreshwa neza mumurongo mwinshi - umuvuduko wingenzi wa hydraulic.
Ibikoresho bya Aluminium
Mu nganda aho buri ounce yuburemere igira ingaruka kumikorere, aluminium nibikoresho byo guhitamo. Ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu bitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe - kugeza - igipimo cy’uburemere, gipima hafi kimwe - kimwe cya gatatu kimwe na bagenzi babo b'ibyuma mugihe bagitanga imbaraga zo guhangana n’umuvuduko wubahwa.
Uzasangamo - urwego rwo hejuru rwa aluminiyumu - akenshi ikoreshwa muburyo bukomeye bwo hejuru hamwe no kurwanya ruswa - mubuhanga bwindege, mubisirikare, hamwe no gusiganwa kumodoka. Inzitizi yibanze ya Aluminium ni intege nke za ruswa ya galvanike iyo ihujwe nibindi byuma hamwe numunaniro wacyo wo hasi mugihe gihoraho, high- umuvuduko ukabije.
Amavuta meza
Kuri apex yubuhanga bwihariye bubeshya ibinyobwa bidasanzwe nka Monel, Inconel, na Titanium. Ibikoresho byabitswe kuri ultra - porogaramu zikomeye aho gutsindwa atari amahitamo. Monel na Inconel bitanga imbaraga zikomeye kuri acide yibanda cyane, ibidukikije bya gaze, hamwe na ultra - ubushyuhe bwinshi. Nubwo bihenze bidasanzwe kandi bigoye kuyikora, ibyo bikoresho bya hydraulic bidasanzwe ni ingenzi cyane mu gutwara ikirere mu kirere, ingufu za kirimbuzi, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubushakashatsi bwimbitse -.
Ibintu byingenzi byo gutoranya ibikoresho: Icyemezo cyubwubatsi Matrix
Guhitamo ibikoresho byuzuye kubikoresho bya hydraulic ntabwo ari uguhitamo gusa ibyuma bikomeye cyangwa bihenze biboneka; nijyanye no guhuza imiterere ya metallurgical ya connexion kubisabwa neza nibidukikije bikora. Kugirango ubigereho neza, injeniyeri bakoresha matrise itandukanye ifatiye kumpande enye zikomeye.
Gukoresha Umuvuduko na Stress ya Mechanical
Umuvuduko wimbere wa sisitemu nimbogamizi yawe yambere. Ugomba gusesengura igitutu cyakazi gikomeza kimwe nigitutu cyumuvuduko. Niba sisitemu yawe ikora 5000 psi hamwe na hydraulic ihungabana kenshi, ibyuma bya karubone cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ingese ni itegeko kuberako imbaraga nyinshi zitanga umusaruro. Gukoresha icyuma cyoroshye nkumuringa muribi bihe byavamo guhita wambura urudodo cyangwa kunanirwa muburyo.
Guhuza imiti
Amazi ya hydraulic agomba kuba yinjijwe rwose mumazi arimo. Mugihe amavuta asanzwe - amavuta ashingiyeho ahura nibyuma hafi ya byose bisanzwe, sisitemu yinganda zigezweho zikoresha umuriro wihariye - amazi adashobora kwihanganira, nka fosifike ya fosifike cyangwa amazi - ivangwa na glycol. Amwe muri ayo mazi arashobora kwibasira imiti yihariye, bigatera isuri imbere cyangwa gushonga zinc hejuru yibikoresho bya karubone, biganisha kuri sisitemu. Buri gihe ujye wambuka - werekane ibishushanyo mbonera byamazi hamwe nibikoresho bikwiranye.
Kumenyekanisha ibidukikije
Reba hejuru yimbere yimbere hanyuma usuzume ibidukikije byo hanze. Ibikwiye bizashyingurwa mu nsi, bigaragare ku zuba ry’izuba hamwe n’imirasire ya UV, bigaterwa umunyu wo mu muhanda ku modoka itwara ibicuruzwa, cyangwa byogejwe na acide caustic mu ruganda rutunganya ibiryo? Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije byerekana niba zinc isanzwe - icyuma cya karubone gihagije cyangwa niba igihe kirekire - cyo kurinda icyiciro cya 316 ibyuma bitagira umwanda bisabwa kugirango hirindwe kwangirika hakiri kare.
Ubushyuhe bukabije
Ubushyuhe bukabije buhindura imyitwarire yumubiri. Muri ultra {1} Ibinyuranye, muri ultra - ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ibidukikije, ibyuma byaguka kandi bigatakaza ijanisha ryimbaraga zabo. Guhitamo ibikoresho bigomba kubarwa kubyo guhinduranya ubushyuhe kugirango ubungabunge kashe itekanye.
Imyitozo myiza yo gufata neza ibikoresho no guhuza ibice
Umaze guhitamo no gushakisha ibikoresho bikwiye bya sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, gukora neza mugihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyitaho birasabwa kugirango ibyo bikoresho bikore nkuko byateganijwe.
Imwe mumitego iteje akaga kubatangiye ni ruswa ya galvanic. Iyi electro {{1} process inzira yimiti ibaho mugihe ibyuma bibiri bidasa bihuza umubiri imbere ya electrolyte, nkamazi cyangwa amazi yumunyu. Kurugero, uramutse usunitse ibyuma bidafite ingese bikwiranye na aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu ahantu h’ubushuhe, aluminiyumu izakora nka anode kandi ikore ku muvuduko wihuse, yangiza ikibanza gihenze. Kugira ngo wirinde ibi, burigihe uharanira guhuza ibikoresho bikwiranye nibikoresho byicyambu cyo gushyingiranwa, cyangwa ukoreshe impuzu zidasanzwe zitandukanya hamwe nimbogamizi zitari -.
Kubika neza no gufata neza nabyo ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga ubusugire bwibintu. Ibikoresho bigomba kubikwa ahantu hasukuye, humye, ubushyuhe - bigenzurwa imbere mubipfunyika byumwimerere kugeza igihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Kwemerera ibyuma bya karubone kuzunguruka mu buriri bwikamyo itose bizangiza ibyuma bya zinc birinda, bitangira ingese mbere yuko bihuza imashini.
Hanyuma, menyesha gahunda igoye yo kugenzura. Hugura abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibimenyetso byerekana hakiri kare ibimenyetso byumubabaro. Ku byuma bya karubone, ibi bivuze kumenya isura ya rust yera (okiside ya zinc) mbere yuko ihindura ingese itukura yangiza (okiside yicyuma). Kubyuma bidafite ingese, shakisha ibyobo bito cyangwa ibara rishobora kwerekana imiti yibasiwe. Ifashwe hakiri kare, ibi bice birashobora gusimburwa muburyo bwateganijwe mugihe cyo kubungabunga, birinda rwose gutsindwa kumurima utateganijwe kandi uteje akaga.
Umwanzuro
Guhitamo ibikoresho nibyo shingiro ryumutekano hamwe nubwizerwe bwa sisitemu y'amashanyarazi ayo ari yo yose. Yaba imbaraga zubukungu butagereranywa bwibyuma bya karubone, guhangana n’ibidukikije rwose by’ibyuma bitagira umwanda, cyangwa ubushobozi bwihariye bw’umuringa na aluminium, buri kintu gifite umwanya wabigenewe mu nganda.
Iyo urebye sisitemu yawe unyuze mumurongo wumuvuduko wibikorwa, guhuza imiti, kwangiza ibidukikije, hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, urashobora kwizera neza inzira yo gutoranya. Guhitamo ibikoresho byukuri bya hydraulic fitingi yawe birenze kure ibintu bito byoroheje; nishoramari ryingenzi ririnda ibikoresho byawe, ririnda ibidukikije bikikije ibidukikije, kandi bikarinda umutekano wanyuma abakozi bawe bakora.
